Media Industry and Management in India essays

Media Industry and Management in India papers The development of correspondence from gesture based communication and drumbeats to the prompt transmission of words and pictures round the globe through satellite is a long and intriguing story. After Gutenbergs development of the portable print machine in 1468 and the rise of papers from there on, we saw the primary indications of broad communications. The world saw significant forward leaps like the main high contrast photo by Fox Talbot in England in1939, the improvement of electric telecommunication in 1850s, the principal film by the Lumiere Brothers in Paris 1895, the innovation of the phonograph by Edison in 1896, the remote radio by Marconi in 1912 and the primary ordinary TVs and transmission in 1936. Today, media has become a social foundation whose principle work it is to advise, break down and engage. It is directed by cultural standards and is a reflection of the predominant societies and points of view. It incorporates inside its extent, different stations of correspondence like papers, magazines, TV slots, radio broadcasts, the Internet, news organizations, distributing houses, and so forth. These media associations together structure the media business. One quality of the media business is that it capacities as a people to individuals dynamic chain. Association and appropriate administration of this industry is, hence, basic for progress just as endurance. This implies the powerful utilization of the board standards and strategies through the way toward arranging, sorting out, staffing, coordinating and controlling. Media associations accordingly make hierarchical frameworks and structures to empower speed and proficiency everything being equal. Remembering these necessities, let us center around a significant segment of the media business - the news organization. The accompanying angles will be managed The Big Five news organizations Job and significance of news offices Authoritative structure, reve... <!

A Summary of Four Articles on Finance from the Internet

This article outfits its perusers with pertinent tips for guardians who need to effectively send their youngsters to class as they go after some more significant level of educational learning. It starts with the fundamental hazardous most nations the world over is plagued: government appropriations to settle the costly expense of training for understudies (and guardians at that) don't appear to cover that much.The for example, at any rate explicitly for this review, addresses how the legislature has halted its endowments for â€Å"student fees† which thus makes it very hard for the two guardians and understudies to adapt with.The article presents certain proposition to support the two guardians and understudies address the mounting errand of college education.Among the decisions incorporate profiting of advance bundles, for example, Student Loans (oversaw by Student Finance Direct), which permits an understudy to obtain cash at a humble 9% enthusiasm, to be consequently paid a fter graduation; Student Grants† †the more â€Å"generous† kind of award given to monetarily tested families, or to single parent understudies, as even to those whose money related salary is underneath 17,000 for every annum.The article closes with elective recommendations that address some more way to get this entire college degree moving. Whichever the perusers pick however, the primary concern remains: sending one’s kids to class may give off an impression of being an outlandish assignment, yet it isn't unimaginable nevertheless.1.â â â â â Top tips for first time buyers[1]The focal worry of this review is to control first time property holders on significant issues, which can either represent the deciding moment their entire experience of purchasing a house. Sufficiently genuine, the main reason of the article is advising enough to try and excuse or put aside †purchasing a house is a major duty and involves bearing a ton of duties in the years to come.First up, it is by right of conventional that purchasers are offered this Bible-bit of guidance: don't accepting what you can't manage. The underlying compulsion to get a property dependent on the drive to obtain a perfect house can now and again obscure the way that there are some money related contemplations that can't be forgotten about †these incorporate, among others, â€Å"duty, specialist and additionally domain operator expenses, a valuation report†. Certainly, this does exclude move and redesign costs.The article likewise gives indispensable data on the staying significant things that ought not be missed. Among others, purchasers must be completely mindful of the specifications of the agreement, the home loan bargains that they are consenting to endure and installment techniques. In any case, some different worries that incorporate protection approaches, acquisition of home machines, the reasonableness of the house area vis-à -vis one’s work or children’s school are to be considered.2.â â â â â Savings and ventures for your children[2]â€Å"Children don’t come cheap† is the explanation that starts this short yet extremely astute article which manages a successful and forward-looking approaches to contribute for one’s kids. In this occasions while overseeing one’s funds properly turns out to be increasingly more hard to do, it is absolutely with an extraordinary feeling of adoration and worry that one is called for to put something aside for his/her children’s future and not bargain their prosperity in the process.There are a couple of things that can be noted to help accomplish this undertaking. First up, the article suggests that guardians should open a â€Å"bank account† for their kids. It might appear as though it is too soon youngsters to really spare. Be that as it may, the general purpose of the activity is to begin sparing normally when one discovers some time and assets to do it. As for a situation of a propensity, sparing little pennies for one’s youngsters can â€Å"accumulate quickly† without really being noticed.Another recommendation that the article gives is for guardians to put aside some duty help that the administration accommodates guardians who bring up kids. However, this can possibly occur on the off chance that one is eager to really profit of the assessment recompense in the absolute first place.As it stands, charge reliefs for guardians bringing up their youngsters is one heavy wellspring of money, and it settles the expense of the children’s everyday costs from various perspectives. It might be astute to keep an eye on the accessibility of this kind of assets, as the article would certainly suggest.The article finishes by explaining how a parent can pick to open a trust support for his/her kids. This is a genuine venture for the youngsters, yet it arrives in an assortment of decisions. One may pick t o just spare direct to an organization for the kids. Another alternative is to put as if one does in stocks or offers. The third can be a blend of both. It truly is dependent upon the guardians to pick the most feasible choices to guarantee that their children’s needs later on will be made sure about and protected.[1] Top tips for first time purchasers, recovered 14 May 2008, http://www.financialarticles.info/article_50.html [2] Saving and speculations for your kids, recovered 14 May 2008,  http://www.financialarticles.info/article_45.html

Differentiating Teaching and Instruction

Differentiating Teaching and Instruction For many of you, the diversity of the modern classroom can be an amazing but intimidating experience. It is challenging to try to reach kids who come to you at different levels, and with a range of styles, interests and needs. Differentiated instruction is supposed to help, but how can you practically start using it in your teaching to better support all of your students? Updated on: September 14, 2018 This course from PCG Education and the University of Southern California can teach you the concept of differentiation and enable you to implement it as a response to the needs, interests and abilities of learners by modifying curriculum, instruction, and classroom environment. Learn from experts and other teachers Flexible online experience Get PD or graduate credit Skills You'll Learn This course provides practical guidance on the definition and implementation of differentiated instruction, including the steps and procedures for using practices like Independent Study as a differentiation strategy and understanding how differentiation can be modeled in both direct instruction and inquiry-based learning. SIGN UP NOW Course Overview Explore the complete syllabus   About the Instructor Sandra N. Kaplan is a Professor of Clinical Education at the University of Southern California. Kaplan has been Principal Investigators of four projects funded by the Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Student Education Act, Department of Education. Kaplan has been an international and national consultant for districts, State Departments, and other educational agencies to provide professional development in the areas of differentiated curriculum and instruction. She has written over 40 articles and 10 books related to identifying and providing appropriate educational services to gifted students. Kaplan has been recognized for her work, receiving awards for Excellence from the Council of Exceptional Children, National Association for the Gifted for Service and Achievement and Research awards from the California Association for the Gifted. She received the NAGC Legacy Award in 2013.

The Constitution Of The United States - 1164 Words

The United States, is still ruled by an unjust ruler like King George III. The way he ruled was filled with tyranny, which is the overruling of an individual or group. King George and other tyrants were people with too much power, making the colonies and anyone under their rule an utter nightmare. Luckily, we don’t have this because of the Constitution, which protects America from tyranny. A constitution in general is a set of basic principles that determines the powers and duties of a government. The Constitution was written in May of 1787 in Philadelphia because they (the framers of the Constitution, which are the people who construct the Constitution) felt the so called â€Å"United States† was no longer united due to tyranny and wars being caused because of it. The problem that the men had with creating the new Constitution is the one that already existed before it, the Articles of Confederation, were not working for the new nation.: the Articles of Confederation, w hich wasn’t quite working out for the United States. The Articles of Confederation were made in 1777 which was supposed be the foundation to declare the establishments of the government after America declared independence from England. The problems with the Articles of Confederation were as follows: There was no court system and there was no chief executive. James Madison’s big worry about framing a new Constitution was that it would be another form of tyranny, such as tyranny by the few. An example of tyranny byShow MoreRelatedThe United States Constitution And The Constitution Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States Constitution, this very detailed group of words was written in 1787, but it did not take effect until after it was ratified in 1789, when it replaced the Articles of Confederation. It remains the basic law of the United States then and till the present day of 2016. The first state to ratify the Constitution was Delaware; the last of the original thirteen to ratify was Rhode Island and since only nine were required, this was two years after it went into effect. When the U.S. ConstitutionRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Constitution Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pages(framers’ of the U.S. Constitution) position on the Presidency: The framers experienced the abuse of the English monarchs and their colonial governors. As a result, the framers were skeptical of the excessive executive authority. Furthermore, they also feared excessive legislative powers. This was something that the Articles of Confederation had given their own state legislatures. The framers of the constitution deliberately fragmented power between the national government, the states, and among the executiveRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States885 Words   |  4 Pages In 1787, our founding fathers came up with a few principles that would establish what we now know as the United States of America. These principles were put on paper to serve as a guideline for how the United States would be operated and structured. This historical piece paper became known as the Constitution of the United States. In the Constitution, a Preamble is implemented at the beginning that essentially tells what the founding fathers set out to do. â€Å"We The People, in order to form a moreRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States894 Words   |  4 Pagesthe substratum for that country. A Constitution can be defined as a document that is the substratum of the country’s principles. Elements in the Constitution may contain sundry information. Which can include: how many terms a leader may serve, what rights the citizens have, how the judicial system works, etc. The United States in no different from those countries. Every constitution is different, no country has the exact constitution as another. The U.S Constitution is a four-page document detailingRead MoreThe United States Constitution Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States constitution was written in 1787 by the founding fathers of this country. Now it might be appropriate to question why a document that is the basis of the government for one of the most culturally and racially diverse countries in the world, was written by a group of heterosexual, cisgender, rich, white men. Some might think that a constitution written well over 200 years ago would be outdated and irrelevant to the American society of today but with some research, it is quite theRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States756 Words   |  4 PagesPromulgation and Legislation in the U.S. Constitution: The federal system of government of the United States is based on its constitution. The Constitution grants all authority to the federal government except the power that is delegated to the states. Each state in the United States has its own constitution, local government, statute, and courts. The Constitution of the United States sets the judiciary of the federal government and defines the extent of the federal court’s power. The federalRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States of America has previously experienced failure every now and then. With trial and error, the country has learned to correct its ways and move toward(s) perfecting itself. Realizing the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation is a prime example of the U.S. learning how to better itself. Subsequent to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution of the United States was set as our new and improved framework of government. Possessing knowled ge on how America, although strongRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States951 Words   |  4 Pageshappening again. Unlike the artifacts, The Constitution of the United States has not been forgotten, it is actually still very alive today. Unlike most relics, The Constitution still holds a very heroic and patriotic implication, freedom. With freedom comes self-government, freedom of speech, religious tolerance, etc. With all these things comes the great responsibility to adapt and fit to the wants and needs of the decade. Even though the Constitution was made for the interests of the people ofRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1338 Words   |  6 Pages The Constitution is the basis of law in The United States and has been since it was written in 1789. Since then it has been amended 27 times with the first ten amendments collectively known as the Bill of Rights. The US Constitution was preceded by the Articles of Confederation and supported by the Federalist Papers which we will touch more on later. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson all wrote or influenced The Constitution in a very important way. Alexander HamiltonRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 PagesInterpretation of the Constitution is one of the biggest conflicts within the United States–the highly contentious issue of states’ rights resulted from two different interpretations of what powers should belong to the federal government versus what powers belong to the individual states. No issue has ever caused as much turmoil as the issue of states’ rights–but one side must have more v alid arguments. Should the federal government’s power be superior, or should the authority of the individual states be held

Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About Argumentative Essay Topics about Technology and How It Can Affect You

Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About Argumentative Essay Topics about Technology and How It Can Affect You Argumentative essay format is dependent on your professor's requirements, since there is not any typical pattern for each and every essay. Care ought to be taken that the data utilised in the essay is related to the topic. You may examine the extra info about how to compose an eye-catching essay introduction with a hook. The structure of your paper's outline is just like the structure of your whole essay. The upcoming few paragraphs will constitute most of your essay. The very first sentence of the essay has to be interesting enough to produce the reader read on. Then you ought to endeavour to choose an appropriate argumentative essay format. If you really need to get folks to find things your way, you want to convince them with evidence and facts. Look through the list of topics cautiously and get started making a mental collection of the evidence it's possible to use on topics you prefer. An excellent method to tell if your topics is an argument topic is to see whether you can debate your topic employing the info you find. Choose from popular topics that folks are passionate about. The next portion of your intro is devoted to offering some in depth background information on your topic. Essentially anything that must be understood before reading the remainder of the essay is background info, and ought to be included in the introduction. If you can't determine what the question is, return and reread the prompt. Knowing the question you're answering is the most crucial portion of AP writing. Argumentative Essay Topics about Technology at a Glance Each region of the essay exerts a specific function in its general structure. Any fantastic task finishes with an amazing conclusion and the very best examples of the argumentative essay will arrive in with a conclusion which has an overview of all of the points together with a gist of the evidences provided. After you get to the conclusion, you need to make a synthesis of the human body of your paper. In the end, the conclusion contains a restatement of the position and a succinct overview of the reasons and counte rs. Argumentative arguments are simply arguments that are written back on paper. An argumentative essays purpose is to convince your reader to back up your side of the argument. They use logic, facts, and reasoning to determine the victor. An argumentative essay is a kind of essay that presents arguments about each side of a problem. The Ultimate Argumentative Essay Topics about Technology Trick Before concluding the essay, it is vital to summarise with a strong emphasis on the subject. The absolute most essential part of your paper is the introduction. The matter here is that it takes so many parts of paper to write just a single textbook. It's crucially important to completely engage yourself in the subject you will write. What You Don't Know About Argumentative Essay Topics about Technology An outline is a good tool to remember what you're planning to write about and to steer clear of a fear of getting started. Without an excellent evidence, nobody is likely to believe my words. Second, talk what you shouldn't do instead of what has to be carried out. All you have to have is a small curiosity besides that everything will end up an intriguing game of knowledge. Even though both work to the improvement of a business, the broad disparity has the capacity to induce a great deal of grudge and bad vibes. The first thing you're likely to have to do is to choose a topic that has more than one clear side. If you become lost on your way, refer back to our guide, and we'll be pleased to assist you with anything that you demand. Writing an argumentative essay is a skill that anyone in school should know, although it can be useful outside the classroom, also. Therefore, for your coursework, you will want to have the very best ideas. For this reason, you can stay sure that you'll find the best possible grade! The Start of Argumentative Essay Topics about Technology You're going to need to choose a topic first, but your topic needs to be something that has two conflicting points or various conclusions. An argumentative essay example will reveal the should possess some critical components which make it better in the practice of convincing. If you would like to learn what an argumentative essay is, the very first thing you need to remember is that its primary aim is to convince the audience to accept your standpoint. In order to really convince readers of your perspective, the argumentative essay must also check at the opposing views.

Launch of a New Energy Drink Free Essays

1.Possible outcomes of the launch Launching a new energy shot product presents a moral dilemma. Most energy shots are aimed at teenagers and young adults, and this target audience is known to put more trust into the ‘street cred’ of the product, rather than medical and government advise, so there is an opportunity for carving some share of the market, especially if we deliberately exploit the ‘rebel’ aspect of our product. We will write a custom essay sample on Launch of a New Energy Drink or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, given the ongoing media hype, there is also a chance of attracting negative publicity and becoming a scapegoat for the regulators. Eventually, this can result in long-term reputational damage and substantial (and unpredictable) litigation costs. We could, however, turn the situation to our advantage by launching a drink that will be based on a different stimulator than the notorious mix of caffeine and guarana – as long as it is technologically viable. Such drink would comply with the Food Safety Authority’s caffeine concentration standards and could be classified as a formulated caffeine beverage. We could then market it as a healthier alternative to the popular energy shots, so that it appeals both to the target audience and the general public. 2.Legal aspects The Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code (FSC) mandates that a formulated caffeine beverage must contain 145 to 320 milligrams of caffeine per litre1 (Commonwealth of Australia, 2009). Popular energy shots do not comply with this requirement: for instance, a 2-ounce Demon Energy Shot contains 200 mg of caffeine, i.e. 3333 milligrams of caffeine per litre (Energy Fiend, 2009). The trick here is that the producers label their drinks as dietary supplements which are exempt from the FSC requirements. However, it is not entirely unlikely that a legal clampdown on energy shots will follow: in Australia, the government of New South Wales aims to ban non-compliant energy drinks (AAP, 2009); back in New Zealand, retailers are pressed to restrict the sale of energy shots (Voxy News Engine, 2009). Moreover, according to an industry insider, the Food Standards Authority is currently working on a new standard for food-type substances sold as dietary supplements that is likely to tackle energy shots (Science Media Centre, 2009). It is thus important to think one step ahead and concentrate on developing an compliant energy shot. 3.Public Opinion In order to gauge the public opinion of the energy shots, I consider the opinions of medical professionals, food industry regulators and people from the street. A recent press release by the Science Media Centre provides the professional medics’ opinion on the impact of energy shots (Science Media Centre, 2009). The professional opinions vary from neutral to cautious to strongly negative. Dr David Jardine, Clinical Director of the Canterbury District Health Board, observes that he knows â€Å"of no bad effects [of caffeine] in children and pregnant women† and confirms that â€Å"humans seem to be able to deal with caffeine very well† (ibid). Dr Elaine Rush, Professor at Auckland University of Technology, is â€Å"very concerned about the sale of caffeine in large doses† and claims that â€Å"there are more problems than benefits associated with consuming caffeine† (ibid). However, she doesn’t launch any invectives at energy shots. Dr Jim McVeagh, a GP, â€Å"had to deal with a number of cases of teenagers having psychotic episodes following multiple cans of energy drinks† and claims that energy shots are â€Å"not a benign pick-me-up [but] a stimulant drug, pure and simple† (ibid). However, it is not clear if the ‘psychotic episodes’ of some teenagers that ‘followed multiple cans of energy drinks’ should be entirely attributed to caffeine. NZFSA Authority Director Geoff Allen admits that â€Å"new regulation to restrict sale or supply of these high caffeine energy drinks is not necessarily the whole or the best answer†. He also stresses that the energy shots that have been inspected by his office â€Å"have a caffeine advisory statement of some form, even though they’re not required to† (ibid). To summarize, most medics agree that there is no clear evidence of harmful effect of caffeine onto healthy individuals. The regulator agrees that maximum recommended usage information should be provided by the producers of dietary supplements, but this requirement is already met by energy shot producers. To gauge the sentiment of the target audience of the drinks (males aged 14-25), I questioned five anonymous respondents in the streets of Auckland on 29 – 31 October 2009. The general sentiment is that of indifference. One of the respondents, who turned out to be a bartender in a night club, expressively claimed that he â€Å"doesn’t give a f**k† about the impact of caffeine as long as energy shots help him meet his professional and personal commitments. 4.Personal reflection In my personal opinion, there is nothing unethical about launching a new energy shot. The producers make it clear that energy shots are not designed for regular and frequent consumption: they aim to give a boost of energy when it is essential (e.g. when you are late with submitting a course essay), maybe at a cost of a period poor well-being after the effect of the shot wears off. The producers also make it clear that persons with poor caffeine metabolism or other health issues should consult a doctor before consuming a drink. Nippert Gray (2009) make the case of a woman who suffered a heart attack as a consequence of regular consumption of 10 to 14 cans of Red Bull a day to shoot invectives at energy drinks. However, this case hardly supports their cause: even regular consumption of 10 to 14 blocks of chocolate can eventually send one to the intensive therapy ward. I am totally convinced that it is not the substance that should be controlled, but rather the urge to abuse it. As for the children, it is their parent’s responsibility to control that they do not take in unhealthy doses of potentially harmful substances, be it aspirin, alcohol, or energy shots. How to cite Launch of a New Energy Drink, Essay examples

The Importance of Water to Life on Earth Essay Example For Students

The Importance of Water to Life on Earth Essay Water is the most important substance in our evolution and our daily lives. Without water,life as we know it would not have been possible. This essay will examine the water moleculein order to ascertain how it brought about Earth’s thriving ecosystem and how important itis to us today. Each water molecule consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. The oxygen atom (orthe apex of the water molecule) bears a slight electronegative charge while hydrogenpossesses a more positive one1 (figure a). Because opposite charges attract, the watermolecules are drawn together. When an oxygen atom is linked to a neighboring molecule’shydrogen atom, a bond called a hydrogen bond is formed2. In an ice crystal the hydrogenbonds govern the shape of the crystal so that the grid of molecules surrounds relativelylarge spaces (imagine figure b in three dimensions). In a liquid form, water has no suchspaces; thus ice is less dense and will float on liquid water. If not for this, great bodiesof water would freeze from the bottom up without the insulation of a top layer of ice andall life in the water would die. We will write a custom essay on The Importance of Water to Life on Earth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The water molecule is a very small one but because of its unique properties it behaves likea larger one. The bonds between water molecules are so strong that water resists changes inits state (Solid, liquid, gas); thus water has a higher melting point and a higher boilingpoint than another molecule of similar size. If water followed the example of othermolecules its size it would have a boiling point of -75oC and a freezing point of -125oC4. This would mean that, on Earth, water would be a gas all of the time and life would not bepossible. When heat is applied to solid water, some hydrogen bonds get so much kinetic energy thatthey break and the ice melts. Liquid water does not necessarily have all four hydrogen bondspresent at all times but it must retain some of them5. For any object to penetrate water, itmust be able to break the hydrogen bonds on the surface of the water. These bonds resistbreaking thus forming a â€Å"skin† that allows small insects to walk on the surface of thewater. Without the cohesiveness of water, those insects would not have survived. All plant life on Earth benefits from the ability of water to make a hydrogen bond withanother substance of similar electronegative charge. Cellulose, the substance that makes upcell walls and paper products, is a hydrophilic substance (†water-loving†)6. It interactswith water but, unlike other hydrophilic substances, it will not dissolve in it. Cellulosecan form strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules7. This explains why a paper towel willâ€Å"wick† water upwards when it comes in contact with it. Each water molecule will make ahydrogen bond with cellulose and pull another water molecule up from down below and so on. Without this feature (capillary action8), plants would find it more difficult to transportwater up their stems to the leaves in order to make food through photosynthesis. Water has a very high heat capacity. Most of the heat introduced to water is used not to setwater molecules in motion (giving them kinetic energy and causing their temperature torise), but to move hydrogen atoms around between neighboring oxygen atoms9. If all of thisheat was used solely to warm the water, living cells would boil in their own heat. Everyaction in a living cell releases some heat. If the heat was not dissipated by the water, allliving things would cook themselves. .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 , .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .postImageUrl , .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 , .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426:hover , .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426:visited , .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426:active { border:0!important; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426:active , .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rebecca Essay Compare Jack FavellIn order for water to evaporate from the surface of liquid water, a certain amount ofenergy must be expended to break its hydrogen bonds. Because these hydrogen bonds are sostrong, water requires a lot of heat to boil (100oC). When water vaporizes, it takes alongall of the heat energy required to break its bonds thus having a powerful cooling effect onthe original body of water 10. It takes very little water loss to cool water substantially. If humans had no way of perspiring, their body temperatures would rise about 70oC in onesingle day11. Water is very important because it is as close as we can get to a â€Å"universal solvent.† Whena crystal of salt is dropped into a glass of water, the water begins to surround the sodiumand chloride atoms in the salt in what is called a hydration sphere12. The atoms interactwith the water molecule and leave the surface of the salt crystal, until the entire crystalis dissolved. This has two effects: the salt is dissolved and the water molecules aredisturbed. When the water molecules are altered in this fashion they can no longer take partin the formation of ice crystals13. This is why oceans, which contain a lot of salt, resistfreezing. In conclusion, it is apparent that water is the most important substance ever to have beencreated because it is so vital to our race. Its unique properties aid all living things tosurvive in the scheme of nature on our planet Earth.1.Kirk, David L. Biology Today: ThirdEdition p. 225 2.Ibid p. 256 3.Ibid p. 256 4.Ibid p. 257-258 5.Ibid p. 256 6.Ibid p. 2597.Ibid p. 259 8.Ibid p. 259 9.Ibid p. 257 10.Ibid p. 257 11.Ibid p. 257 12.Ibid p. 25913.Ibid p. 259 Bibliography:1)Kirk, David L. Biology Today: Third Edition, Random House Publishers, 1980Biology Today is a comprehensive source of information that contains facts, statistics andopinions from over 200 different sources as well as many different Universities andarchives.

Table of Densities of Common Substances

Table of Densities of Common Substances Heres a table of densities of common substances, including several gases, liquids, and solids. Density is a measure of the amount of mass contained in a unit of volume. The general trend is that most gases are less dense than liquids, which are in turn less dense than solids, but there are numerous exceptions. For this reason, the table lists density from lowest to highest and includes the state of matter. Note that the density of pure water is defined to be 1 gram per cubic centimeter (or, g/ml). Unlike most substances, water is denser as a liquid than as a solid. A consequence is that ice floats on water. Also, pure water is less dense than seawater, so fresh water can float on top of salt water, mixing at the interface. The Factors That Affect Density Density depends on temperature and pressure. For solids, its also affected by the way atoms and molecules stack together. A pure substance can take many forms, which dont have the same properties. For example, carbon can take the form of graphite or diamond. Both are chemically identical, but they do not share an identical density value. To convert these density values into kilograms per cubic meter, multiply any of the numbers by 1000. Densities of Common Substances Material Density (g/cm3) State of Matter hydrogen (at STP) 0.00009 gas helium (at STP) 0.000178 gas carbon monoxide (at STP) 0.00125 gas nitrogen (at STP) 0.001251 gas air (at STP) 0.001293 gas carbon dioxide (at STP) 0.001977 gas lithium 0.534 solid ethanol (grain alcohol) 0.810 liquid benzene 0.900 liquid ice 0.920 solid water at 20Â °C 0.998 liquid water at 4Â °C 1.000 liquid seawater 1.03 liquid milk 1.03 liquid coal 1.1-1.4 solid blood 1.600 liquid magnesium 1.7 solid granite 2.6-2.7 solid aluminum 2.7 solid steel 7.8 solid iron 7.8 solid copper 8.3-9.0 solid lead 11.3 solid mercury 13.6 liquid uranium 18.7 solid gold 19.3 solid platinum 21.4 solid osmium 22.6 solid iridium 22.6 solid white dwarf star 107 solid

Definition and Examples of Prescriptivism

Definition and Examples of Prescriptivism Prescriptivism is the attitude or belief that one variety of a language is superior to others and should be promoted as such. Also known as  linguistic prescriptivism and purism.  An ardent promoter of prescriptivism is called a prescriptivist or, informally, a  stickler. A key aspect of traditional grammar, prescriptivism is generally  characterized by a concern for good, proper, or correct usage. Contrast with descriptivism. In a paper published in Historical Linguistics 1995, Sharon Millar defined prescriptivism as the conscious attempt by language users to control or regulate the language use of others for the purpose of enforcing perceived norms or of promoting innovations (Language Prescription: Success in Failures Clothing).Common examples of prescriptive texts include many (though  not all)  style and usage guides, dictionaries, writing handbooks, and the like.   Observations [Prescriptivism is the] policy of describing languages as we would like them to be, rather than as we find them. Typical examples of prescriptivist attitudes are the condemnation of preposition stranding and of the split infinitive and a demand for Its I in place of the normal Its me.  (R.L. Trask, Dictionary of English Grammar. Penguin, 2000)A prescriptive grammar is essentially a manual that focuses on constructions where usage is divided and lays down rules governing the socially correct use of language. These grammars were a formative influence on language attitudes in Europe and America during the 18th and 19th centuries. Their influence lives on in the handbooks of usage widely found today, such as A Dictionary of Modern English Usage (1926) by Henry Watson Fowler (1858-1933), though such books include recommendations about the use of pronunciation, spelling, and vocabulary as well as grammar.  (David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook Press, 2005)I think sensible prescr iptivism  ought to be part of any education.(Noam Chomsky, Language, Politics, and Composition, 1991.  Chomsky on Democracy and Education, ed. by  Carlos Peregrà ­n Otero. RoutledgeFalmer, 2003) Verbal Hygiene [T]he overt anti-prescriptive stance of linguists is in some respects not unlike the prescriptivism they criticize. The point is that both prescriptivism and anti-prescriptivism invoke certain norms and circulate particular notions about how language ought to work. Of course, the norms are different (and in the case of linguistics they are often covert). But both sets feed into the  more general arguments that influence everyday ideas about language. On that level, description and prescription turn out to be aspects of a single (and normative) activity: a struggle to control language by defining its nature.  My use of the term verbal hygiene is intended to capture this idea, whereas to use the term prescriptivism would just recycle the opposition I am trying to deconstruct.  (Deborah Cameron, Verbal Hygiene. Routledge, 1995) Language Wars The history of prescriptions about Englishof grammar texts, manuals of style and O tempora o mores-type laments- is in part a history of bogus rules, superstitions, half-baked logic, groaningly unhelpful lists, baffling abstract statements, false classifications, contemptuous insiderism, and educational malfeasance. But it is also a history of attempts to make sense of the world and its bazaar of competing ideas and interests. Instinctively, we find the arbitrariness of existence hard to accept. Our desire to impose order on the world, which means inventing the forms of language rather than discovering them, is a creative act. Furthermore, the quarrel between descriptivists and prescriptivists ... is a sort of mad confederacy: each party thrives on lambasting the other.   Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(Henry Hitchings, The Language Wars. John Murray, 2011) The Problem WIth Prescriptivists [G]eneral ignorance of grammar allows prescriptivists to impose nonsensical mandates and allows test-makers and test-takers to focus primarily on superficial error in language use.​(Martha Kolln and Craig Hancock, The Story of English Grammar in United States Schools. English Teaching: Practice and Critique, December 2005) Pronunciation: pree-SKRIP-ti-viz-em

Final Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Final - Research Paper Example Various concepts of validity and reliability have been discussed to analyze the extent of accuracy of the measurements in the research. Other than that, the ethical aspects of using human subjects in the research have also been analyzed. Table of Contents Research Methodology 4 Criteria for Research Method Selection 4 Difference between: 4 a)Facts and Theory 4 b)Concepts and Variables 5 Use of Theoretical Perspective in Design Process 5 Validity and Reliability 5 Construct Validity 6 Measurement Reliability 6 Quantitative and Qualitative Research Design 6 Quantitative Research Design 6 Qualitative Research Design 7 Requirement of Ethics in Research 7 Comparative Study between non-experimental, quasi-experimental, and experimental research designs 8 References 9 Research Methodology The process of systematically solving the research problem is called research methodology. It can also be understood as a way to conduct research scientifically. The researchers study the problems and the logic behind them, with the usage of the right research methodology. The researchers not only have to assess the quantitative aspect of any research but also its qualitative dimension too. It is also necessary to analyze the assumptions that have been taken for various techniques and also the criteria by which the techniques could be chosen. In the virtual project management of oil and gas industry, the right methodology for conducting research is by mailing questionnaire to the respondents, conducting telephonic survey or through observation (Kothari, 2008, p. 7-8). Criteria for Research Method Selection As we have already studied, research methodology is the tool for scientifically approaching a research problem. So the success and the failure of the research are mostly depended upon the right research tool selected by the researcher. The criteria for selecting the research tools are not fixed, they vary according to the research problem, the issues behind such situation and the l ogic behind selecting the method of research. In this study the research is conducted to analyze the various issues that arise when companies utilize virtual project tools in the oil sector. These projects are usually undertaken by teams of people who work from different countries around the world. So in this case telephonic survey or questionnaire sent through mails would be the best method for data collection. Difference between: a) Facts and Theory The things which we can see, feel, touch or hear are facts as it can be verified and its existence is real for us. Even when we do not personally experience something, but the experiences of others are also counted as a fact. In research facts are those which can be tested and verified. For example in virtual projects, the virtual project tools such as the satellites show the picture of the oil wells, pipeline or oil spills to the project managers in their offices. This is also a fact. Theory on the other hand utilizes the fact and put forward the reason behind such occurrence. It is the logic behind the fact that took place. In research it is very important to identify the reason behind the problems; otherwise solutions cannot be formulated for the same. b) Concepts and Variables The point of difference between concepts and variables are the measurability. Concepts are perceptions that are created in minds

Gardasil Vaccine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gardasil Vaccine - Essay Example While one side of the pharmaceutical industry argues and pushes for the drug to become mandatory, there is another side of the industry that asks the world to wait. Merck & Co., a world-class pharmaceutical company that markets various vaccines, is currently marketing the Gardasil vaccine. All its products are tried, tested and accepted in the markets with a lot of confidence. Till now Merck has provided some of the best vaccines to the world. Officials state that with the growing number of cases of cervical cancer, Garadasil would dramatically improve longevity and quality of life for many. The vaccine would not only protect people from the HPV infection, but will also help the 6 million cases affected every year2. The HPV vaccine is designed to protect against strains 6, 11, 16 and 18; which together cause 90% of HPV cases (National Cancer Institute). The company is currently on an awareness program called One less and as per Bev Lybrand, vice president & general manager, HPV Franchise, GARDASIL, Merck Vaccine Division, "The full public health benefit of reducing the burden of cervical cancer and HPV disease may be achieved through broad publ ic awareness and vaccination with GARDASIL, which is the driving force behind One Less." The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as of Jun... A vaccine or drug comes for FDA approval after a battery of clinical tests and phases of study. After the approval of Gardasil, Andrew C. von Eschenbach, MD, Acting Commissioner of Food and Drugs was noted to say that, 'This vaccine is a significant advance in the protection of women's health in that it strikes at the infections that are the root cause of many cervical cancers" (June 8, 2006, FDA News). Later in June, the vaccine was approved for usage on children as young as nine years old (Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices3). Cons The National Vaccine Information Center (NVIC) formed by the parents of vaccine-injured children is a leading critic of vaccines made compulsory for all people across ages. It also seriously considers the lack of research and fundamental principles that often organizations overlook. The NVIC has called upon the ACIP of CDC to inform them to refuse the universal application of Gardasil. As per them, Merck's clinical trials have not proved the vaccine to be safe for young girls. While the drug has been approved for usage in children from nine years onwards, statistics show that only a small pool of 250 pre teens were tested with Garadasil. NVIC president Barbara Loe Fisher, even went on to say that, "Merck and the FDA have not been completely honest with the people about the pre-licensure clinical trials." Many religious conservatives also do not agree with making the vaccine mandatory as they feel that it may encourage unsafe sex. Health freedom organizations are a growing force today and have been formulated to fight the political power that pharmaceutical companies leverage to sell their products in the market. Many of these organizations question the importance and viability of the vaccine which

Sole trader and partnership business

Sole trader and partnership business http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sole_proprietorship http://www.irs.gov/businesses/small/article/0,,id=98214,00.html http://www.businesslink.gov.uk/bdotg/action/detail?type=RESOURCESitemId=1073789609 http://www.myownbusiness.org/s4/ http://www.bytestart.co.uk/content/19/19_1/what-is-a-sole-trader.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/business/aims/partnershipsrev1.shtml http://www.company-wizard.co.uk/Glossary/Private_Limited_Company.htm Among the similarities between a sole trader and partnership business is that they both have unlimited liability. Unlimited liability means in the event that the business becomes insolvent, the owner will have to be responsible for paying all the debts of the business even if it means selling off his personal assets to settle the debts. In a partnership, a partner will also have to pay off all the debts of the business if other partners become insolvent but if only the business becomes insolvent the debts can be shared among partners. This however is not applicable to the sleeping partner. The way both businesses are financed is also similar. For example, they are financed with bank loans, personal savings and contributions from friends and family. The two businesses need to be registered under the Registration of Business Act and operates in the private sector. This means that none of this structure of businesses is owned by government. The owner of a sole trader and partners in a p artnership are taxed at a personal tax rate according to the profits the business makes. Dealings of both types of business are confidential and only need to be revealed to the government. Both are easy and cheap to set up. Among the differences between a sole trader and partnership business is a sole trader business has only one owner whereas a partnership has 2-20 owners. The sole trader is fully responsible for the running of the business from day to day so, the success of the business is limited to the abilities of the owner. In a partnership, business decisions are made by casting votes among the partners and they assigned specific work in the business. There are more people to contribute skills and expertise. All profits gained in a sole trader business are received by the owner whereas in a partnership the profit is split according to the ratio which was previously agreed in the partnership agreement. When dissolving the business a sole trader can dissolve by himself whereas a partnership needs consent from partners. One of the similarities between sole trader business and private company is that both of them are created to generate profit for the owners. Also both are private companies. Both need to be registered as private entities. Therefore they do not have to make reports on their business to be released to the public. Such reports need only be disclosed to the government. This maintains confidentiality in the business. Among the differences between the two business structures are the number of owners. A sole trader has only one owner while a private company has 1-50 owners which are called shareholders. A private company is a different person from the owner. This means the owner and management of the company is separated. The liability of a sole trader business is unlimited whereas in a private company its limited. This means that in the event that the company goes bankrupt the maximum shareholders of a private company can lose are the amount they have invested in the company. A sole trader business has limited life whereas a private company has perpetual existence. This means that the company will still exist even if there is a change in ownership. A private company business is taxed at a fixed tax rate of 30% whereas the sole trader can get a personal tax rate of 30% or more. Decisions of a sole trader business is made by the sole trader whereas in a private company they are made by the managemen t group. It is easier and cheaper to set up a sole trader business compared with a private company. The Sole Trader can have unlimited borrowings subject to the limit of its financial standing but for the Company, its borrowings are guided by articles as contained in their Memorandum of Association. It is easier for a Private Company to raise finance compared to a Sole Trader. I would advise Lydia to convert the business into a partnership. Assuming that the business hasnt been doing well for the past three years, extra capital that can be raised by potential partners can help the business to acquire better equipment and teachers. Also assuming that the potential partners are experts in the IT field or good businessmen they can bring in fresh ideas and expertise to help the business grow. Fresh ideas will help because a business has to always adjust according to the ever changing needs of consumers and because. Other similar businesses are always improving themselves. Therefore Lydias business has to improve too in order to stay competitive. Extra capital, expertise, and ideas from potential partners will help the business in that way. Not only that, work gets done even faster when there are more people running it. Therefore the running of the business is more efficient. Furthermore it does not take a lot of money to convert the business to a partnership. Assuming that Lydia is a friendly person, personality clashes between partners would be rare. The partnership is not likely to bankrupt assuming that Lydias potential partners have a solid financial background. It is not advisable for Lydia to form a company because it is costly to set up. Since the business has only been running for three years it wouldnt have generated enough revenue to be converted into a company. Moreover turning it to a company will increase government regulation on her business. This will greatly decrease the businesss flexibility.   It is also not advisable for her to stay as a sole trader because she needs new capital to upgrade equipments that have been in use for 3 years now and that is hard to do if she stays as a sole trader. Also assuming that she is married, the business wouldnt have to shut down temporarily because of her taking a maternity leave. This is because her partner would be able to take over the business for the mean time.

Our language our identity Essay

Identity can be perceived through language; is one of the many ideas that are illustrated throughout Gloria Anzaldua’s â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue†. The language you speak is a part of your culture, and your culture is what defines a person the most. Living in a country that is seen to be melting pot of many cultures and heritages, you are bound to encounter someone of another culture but that doesn’t mean we suppress their ability to represent who they are because of their lack of knowledge pertaining to the primary language used in this country. Immigrants use language to preserve their culture heritage and identity in a foreign land but fear of judgment, suppression and linguistic terrorism affect their ability to fit in and be who they are not only by Americans but also by their own people. Linguistic terrorism is a term used by Anzaldua herself to express her strong emotions on the suppression of her language by others. This term is used to describe an action of suppression by a majority group to a minority group because of their values, norms and even language. This occurs because one usually feels dominant and superior over the other. Anzaldua states in her essay that â€Å"Our language has been used against us by the dominant culture; we use our language differences against each other.† (136) Living in a diverse cultural country such as the United States, many immigrants feel the need to learn the appropriate English in order to communicate and fit in with society. Many aren’t able to completely emerge themselves into the American way of doing things without sacrificing a part of themselves through their cultural heritage and identity. Majority of them feel the need to learn English in order to get a job. Even then they are suppressed because they speak with very simple English with heavy accents. Once these immigrants start to feel comfortable with their English, they are often pushed off by their native tongue because of embarrassment and disrespect to their own language. There are times when groups that have tried so hard to fit in with the Americans are looked down upon by their own culture and society. Anzaldua says, â€Å"‘Pocho, cultural traitor, you’re speaking the oppressor’s language by speaking English, you’re ruining the Spanish language,’ I have been accused by various Latinos and Latinas† (133). This portrays how her own people have looked down upon her because the English she speaks now is evident through her Spanish, shaming the language as a whole in their eyes. Such things cause people to feel discouraged and fear being judged by their own culture. This fear of judgment causes people to have multiple consciences. Sociologists use the term double conscience, a term that coined by W.E.B. Du Bois, to explain such phenomena. It is a way of awareness of who you are and a very different awareness of what other people see you as in contrast to that. The way you act at home would be different in terms of your values, social norms and language. Once you leave your home and enter another society, those values, norms and even language change to those that are commonly believed and used in that newer society. Anzaldua notes that â€Å"My ‘home’ tongues are the languages I speak with my sister and brother, with my friends†¦ last five listed†¦ From school, the media and job situations†¦ standard and working class English. From Mamagrande Locha and from reading†¦standard Spanish and standard Mexican Spanish† (134). A double conscience or a multiple on can be used to explain Anzaldua’s reason for using different languages in different parts and areas of her daily life. She talks about how she picked up different languages from different places because it was important for her to fit in and communicate with them, changing her conscience along the way . Gloria Anzaldua is a strong activist when it comes to the connection between language and identity. In her essay â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue† she outlines her strong emotional arguments about the ability for one to conform to a society by disposing their own language or identity. Your identity is determined by language, the language you speak is a part of your culture, and your culture is what defines a person because of their beliefs, norms and values. Even though there will always be Linguistic Terrorism and suppression, it is important to remember that your language is what makes you who you are and changing from one language to another is something you must do but that doesn’t mean you let that change your true language or your true identity. Work Cited Page Anzaldua, Gloria. â€Å" How to tame a wild tongue.† Fields of Reading: Motives for Writing ed. Nancy R. Comley, David Hamilton, Carl H. Klaus, Robert Scholes, Nancy Sommers, Jason Tougaw. Ninth ed. New York; Bedford/St. Martin, 2013. 131-141. Print

The Invention of the Wheelbarrow

Wheelbarrows are human-powered carts with one wheel to assist in carrying all kinds of burdens, from harvested crops to mine tailings, and pottery to building materials.  Sickly, wounded, or elderly people could be carried to the doctor before the advent of the ambulance. Its one of those ideas that seems so self-evident, once you have seen it in action. Rather than carrying heavy loads on your back or burdening a pack animal with them, you can put them into a tub or basket that has a wheel and long handles for pushing or pulling.  The wheelbarrow does most of the work for you. But who first came up with this brilliant idea? Where was the wheelbarrow invented? The First Wheelbarrow The first wheelbarrows seem to have been created in China—along with the first gunpowder, paper, seismoscopes, paper currency, magnetic compasses, crossbows, and many other key inventions. The earliest evidence of Chinese wheelbarrows is found in illustrations dated around 100 CE, during the Han dynasty. These wheelbarrows had a single wheel at the front of the load, and the operator holding the handles carried about half the weight. A wall painting in a tomb near Chengdu, in Sichuan Province and dated to 118 CE, shows a man using a wheelbarrow. Another tomb, also in Sichuan Province, includes a depiction of a wheelbarrow in its carved wall reliefs; that example dates back to the year 147 CE. Wheel Placement Innovation According to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, written by Chinese scholar Chen Shou in the third century CE, the prime minister of the Shu Han Dynasty in the Three Kingdoms Period—a man named Zhuge Liang—invented a new form of wheelbarrow in 231 CE as a form of military technology. At the time, Shu Han was embroiled in a war with Cao Wei, another of the three kingdoms for which the era is named. Zhuge Liang needed an efficient way for a single person to transport enormous quantities of food and munitions to the front lines, so he came up with the idea of making a wooden ox with a single wheel.  Another traditional nickname for this simple handcart is the gliding horse. This vehicle had a centrally mounted wheel, with loads carried pannier-fashion on either side or on the top. The operator propelled and guided the wagon, but all of the weight was carried by the wheel. Using the wooden ox, a single soldier could easily carry enough food to feed four men for the entire month—or the four men themselves. As a result, the Shu Han tried to keep the technology a secret—they did not want to lose their advantage over the Cao Wei. The Greek Contender There is a tiny bit of evidence that the Greeks may have had a single-wheeled cart as early as the fifth century BCE. A builders inventory from the Greek site of Eleusis contains a list of tools and equipment, listing the hypteria (upper parts) of a tetrakyklos  (four-wheeled vehicle) and one for a monokyklos  (one-wheeled vehicle). But thats it: no description beyond the name, and no other reference to such a vehicle is seen in any other Greek or Roman text. Roman agriculture and architecture processes are well-documented: builders inventories in particular were commonly preserved. The Romans depended on four-wheeled carts drawn by oxen, pack animals, or on humans, who carried loads in containers in their hands or suspended from their shoulders. No (single-wheeled) wheelbarrows. Recurrence in Medieval Europe The earliest consistent and continued use of wheelbarrows in Europe begins in the 12th century CE with an adaptation of the cenovectorium. The cenovectorium (Latin for muck carrier) was originally a cart with handles at both ends and carried by two individuals. The earliest evidence that a wheel replaced one of the ends in Europe is from a tale written in about 1172 by William of Canterbury in his Miracles of St. Thomas a Becket. The story involves a man using a one-wheeled cenovectorium to push his paralyzed daughter to see St. Thomas at Canterbury. Where did that idea (finally) come from? British historian M.J.T. Lewis suggests that the Crusaders might have run across tales of one-wheeled vehicles while in the Middle East, perhaps as stories from Arab sailors who had visited China. Certainly, the Middle East was a huge international trade market at the time. But it seems more likely to have been another suggestion of Lewis: an ad hoc invention, in the same way many other vehicles were invented since the 3500 BCE invention of the axle. Hand carts with two wheels operated by one person (essentially a two-wheeled wheelbarrow), carts with two wheels pulled by an animal, four-wheeled horse- or oxen-drawn wagons, two-wheeled people-drawn rickshaws: all of these and many others were used off and on throughout history to carry goods and people. Sources Lewis, M. J. T. The Origins of the Wheelbarrow. Technology and Culture 35.3 (1994): 453–75.Matthies, Andrea L. The Medieval Wheelbarrow. Technology and Culture 32.2 (1991): 356–64.Needham, Joseph. An Archaeological Study-Tour in China, 1958. Antiquity 33.130 (1959): 113–19.

What Freedom Does Literacy Offer in Globalised Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1586 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Education Essay Topics: Literacy Essay Did you like this example? What freedom does literacy offer in globalised society It is so easy for us to say that literacy is the most powerful tool at our disposal to give us freedom of speech, freedom of action and freedom of life. It is more complicated a question to ask what is literacy. In this age of technological advancement, the questions of literacy is continually expanding. From doing the most medial tasks, to trying to convince a nation that the words that are being expressed can be converted to action, the way we use literacy continually develops. We can no longer see literacy as being literate, or illiterate, but must look upon literacy as a way of expression through not only words and writing, but all other avenues of media that are at our disposal. I will look at how literacy gives us freedom in a globalised world through the understanding of different cultures, the use of technology and the literacy tools at our disposal. As Nakamura (2002, p. 64) expressed, â€Å"Globalisation is neither the convergence of westernisation nor Americanisation. What this means is that we must look broader than just Western Europe, or the United States to see what globalisation is, and if we want to have true freedom, we must then understand and work with the cultures that surround us. Victoria is an example with its â€Å"thriving multicultural society. Our population hails from over 230 nations, speaks 180 languages and dialects and follows more than 116 religions† (Department of Education and Early Childhood, 2009). With the ease o f travel, and vastness of communication we can no longer live in a monolingual and monocultural society. The world is rapidly changing and multifaceted. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "What Freedom Does Literacy Offer in Globalised Society" essay for you Create order With this rapid change, the 1 opportunity arises to educate our students to be a part of this change. It is impossible to have a full understanding of all these different cultures, let alone the differences in culture within this. The task would be made even more impossible without the help of literacy, in its many forms. So what is Literacy exactly? Long have the days past that literacy can be expressed beyond simple printed literacy. There have so many forums of literacy to express ourselves, and we can use these different forums to express different purposes and in different context. Literacy can be expressed by reading the newspaper from print or online, listening to the newspaper on the internet and watching stories interactively. We can use literacy to express our views on news stories in so many different ways. We can create blogs and wiki’s so that we not only express our viewpoint, but expect to be critically analised by people we will never meet, let alone know. We can express this viewpoint in our own web sites, that can be viewed by milllions, or by text on social networks such as Facebook (2010), a social network with a population of over 400 million users. We can also use literacy to express ourselves by video and publish our work on sites such as youtube which has over 120 million US members alone. Jarboe (2009) also states that over twenty hours of video information is published every minute of the day. These figures are immense compared to exposure of literature that we have been used to in the past. These vast figures also show that today, literacy is a far easier skill to appreciate and have than before and we can use literacy to give us freedom. 2 Even today we measure literacy skills on how well we read and write. As previously stated, there are so many ways that we can use literacy to express ourselves and hence enjoy freedom that method of testing of literacy is far outdated. Every second year the Australian education system tests our students in grade 5, year 7 and year 9 for their literacy and numeracy skills in a national competency test known as AIMS testing. The results of these tests are published and presented to the public via a website, https://www. myschool. edu. au/. To me this is an absolute contradiction in terms. How can be test literacy by a traditional method of reading and writing and then publish the results for all to read by a ‘modern’ method, via a website which is both graphical and interpretational. We expect our young students to learn how children have learnt for the past 100 years, yet expect parents to interpret information via a method that has been available to us for a few years. The traditional test results for each school are published for the whole world to see. Schools funding schemes and how well a school can look after its students are based on the results that the students acquire via this traditional method. Is this method truly testing our students for literacy, and by not testing the literacy skills that may be more relevant for a proportion of students, are we limiting their literacy skills and so their freedom to advance them in society? As part of Australian government initiative, a focus of the education revolution was to give every child from Year 9 to Year 12 access to a digital device. As explained by the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations (2010), Schools spend many hundreds of dollars per student every year on Information Communication Technology. This expenditure by both school, state and 3 federal governments shows us the symbiotic nature of the digital world, and literacy. It is imperative that all students have access to this digital world, and thus literacy, to have freedom in the globalised world. With so many devices that give access to today’s knowledge societies, it should be a priority for any educational system to give access to a digital device. Gone are the days that students are brought to the library to work on 1 of 10 computers sitting in the corner. Students expect to have access to laptops, ipods, PDA’s or tablets at call. As reported by Serpo (2009) Victorian schools have given access to many grade 5 students a netbook. This has proven to be a success, with students finding many different methods to express themselves through writing, graphical analysis, recording sounds or recording video. This is a true offering of freedom in a globalised society. With teachers being able to introduce tools such as Interactive Smartboards the world is brought to the classroom via the internet. ith continued funding, global communication will be made easier for students as they learn. There have already been many projects using video conferencing in the classroom where students can talk to a real astronaut or communicate with fellow students all across the world. All of these developments expand the literacy of students, and with continued funding, give students freedom in a globalised world. With such vast amounts of literacy that are available to us, it is tempting for those in authority to have control over the information that we can see. The ABC (2009) reported that the Australian government will introduce compulsory internet filtering to block international websites at the governments discretion, a move seen by many to take away our freedom in a globalised society. This is a dangerous 4 precedent as any attempt to limit freedom must be. this move has come under the scrutiny of many develop nations, as Australia will be join the likes of China, Burma and North Korea to name a few to filter internet at a government level. Questions that need to be asked about this limitation of freedom will be questions such as what will be filtered and who will decide on this. The ramification of Australia’s position in a globalised society is still unsure, although one would expect that the effect can not be positive. China is a case in point at this time with much debate between China and a private company, Google, the worlds most popular search engine. There has already been talk about the effects that the move of Google leaving China will have on the political relationship with the United States. Surely this is a huge effect that literacy has on China’s ability to be part of a globalised world. The Australian(2010) reported, Without full and fair market competition, there will be no quality, no excellence, no employment opportunities, no stability and no real rise of China With the importance of the Internet and the way that people use it, the structure of the education system and the importance of Information, Communication and technology in our education system and the level of access that people have, literacy plays a huge role in offering freedom to the globalised society. With hundreds of millions of users world wide, even the smallest piece of expression can be viewed by a limitless amount of people. Surely freedom can only be offered to the globalised world through the use of the many literacy tools offered to us in today’s society. 5 Bibliography Nakumura, 2002, ‘Cultivating Global Literacy Through English as an International Language (EIL) Education in Japan: A New Paradigm for Global Education’, International Education Journal, Vol 3, No 5, 2002 Department of Education and Early Childhood, 2009, Education for Global and Multicultural Citizenship A Strategy for Victorian Government Schools 2009 2013, DEEC, Melbourne Facebook, 2010, https://www. facebook. om/press/info. php? statistics, retrieved 25th March, 2010 Jarboe, 2009, We Watch More YouTube Videos than We Conduct Google Searches, retrieved 25th March, 2010 . Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations, 2010, ICT infrastructure budgeting, retrieved 23th March, 2010, Serpo, 2009, Victoria schools begin netbook trial, retrieved 24th March, 2010, ABC, 2009, Green light for internet filte r plans, ABC News, retrieved 24th March, 2010, McDonald, J. , 2010, ‘China without Google: a lose-lose scenario’, The Australian, 17 March, 2010, page unknown 6