Differentiating Teaching and Instruction

Differentiating Teaching and Instruction For many of you, the diversity of the modern classroom can be an amazing but intimidating experience. It is challenging to try to reach kids who come to you at different levels, and with a range of styles, interests and needs. Differentiated instruction is supposed to help, but how can you practically start using it in your teaching to better support all of your students? Updated on: September 14, 2018 This course from PCG Education and the University of Southern California can teach you the concept of differentiation and enable you to implement it as a response to the needs, interests and abilities of learners by modifying curriculum, instruction, and classroom environment. Learn from experts and other teachers Flexible online experience Get PD or graduate credit Skills You'll Learn This course provides practical guidance on the definition and implementation of differentiated instruction, including the steps and procedures for using practices like Independent Study as a differentiation strategy and understanding how differentiation can be modeled in both direct instruction and inquiry-based learning. SIGN UP NOW Course Overview Explore the complete syllabus   About the Instructor Sandra N. Kaplan is a Professor of Clinical Education at the University of Southern California. Kaplan has been Principal Investigators of four projects funded by the Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Student Education Act, Department of Education. Kaplan has been an international and national consultant for districts, State Departments, and other educational agencies to provide professional development in the areas of differentiated curriculum and instruction. She has written over 40 articles and 10 books related to identifying and providing appropriate educational services to gifted students. Kaplan has been recognized for her work, receiving awards for Excellence from the Council of Exceptional Children, National Association for the Gifted for Service and Achievement and Research awards from the California Association for the Gifted. She received the NAGC Legacy Award in 2013.

The Constitution Of The United States - 1164 Words

The United States, is still ruled by an unjust ruler like King George III. The way he ruled was filled with tyranny, which is the overruling of an individual or group. King George and other tyrants were people with too much power, making the colonies and anyone under their rule an utter nightmare. Luckily, we don’t have this because of the Constitution, which protects America from tyranny. A constitution in general is a set of basic principles that determines the powers and duties of a government. The Constitution was written in May of 1787 in Philadelphia because they (the framers of the Constitution, which are the people who construct the Constitution) felt the so called â€Å"United States† was no longer united due to tyranny and wars being caused because of it. The problem that the men had with creating the new Constitution is the one that already existed before it, the Articles of Confederation, were not working for the new nation.: the Articles of Confederation, w hich wasn’t quite working out for the United States. The Articles of Confederation were made in 1777 which was supposed be the foundation to declare the establishments of the government after America declared independence from England. The problems with the Articles of Confederation were as follows: There was no court system and there was no chief executive. James Madison’s big worry about framing a new Constitution was that it would be another form of tyranny, such as tyranny by the few. An example of tyranny byShow MoreRelatedThe United States Constitution And The Constitution Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States Constitution, this very detailed group of words was written in 1787, but it did not take effect until after it was ratified in 1789, when it replaced the Articles of Confederation. It remains the basic law of the United States then and till the present day of 2016. The first state to ratify the Constitution was Delaware; the last of the original thirteen to ratify was Rhode Island and since only nine were required, this was two years after it went into effect. When the U.S. ConstitutionRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Constitution Essay1185 Words   |  5 Pages(framers’ of the U.S. Constitution) position on the Presidency: The framers experienced the abuse of the English monarchs and their colonial governors. As a result, the framers were skeptical of the excessive executive authority. Furthermore, they also feared excessive legislative powers. This was something that the Articles of Confederation had given their own state legislatures. The framers of the constitution deliberately fragmented power between the national government, the states, and among the executiveRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States885 Words   |  4 Pages In 1787, our founding fathers came up with a few principles that would establish what we now know as the United States of America. These principles were put on paper to serve as a guideline for how the United States would be operated and structured. This historical piece paper became known as the Constitution of the United States. In the Constitution, a Preamble is implemented at the beginning that essentially tells what the founding fathers set out to do. â€Å"We The People, in order to form a moreRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States894 Words   |  4 Pagesthe substratum for that country. A Constitution can be defined as a document that is the substratum of the country’s principles. Elements in the Constitution may contain sundry information. Which can include: how many terms a leader may serve, what rights the citizens have, how the judicial system works, etc. The United States in no different from those countries. Every constitution is different, no country has the exact constitution as another. The U.S Constitution is a four-page document detailingRead MoreThe United States Constitution Essay1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe United States constitution was written in 1787 by the founding fathers of this country. Now it might be appropriate to question why a document that is the basis of the government for one of the most culturally and racially diverse countries in the world, was written by a group of heterosexual, cisgender, rich, white men. Some might think that a constitution written well over 200 years ago would be outdated and irrelevant to the American society of today but with some research, it is quite theRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States756 Words   |  4 PagesPromulgation and Legislation in the U.S. Constitution: The federal system of government of the United States is based on its constitution. The Constitution grants all authority to the federal government except the power that is delegated to the states. Each state in the United States has its own constitution, local government, statute, and courts. The Constitution of the United States sets the judiciary of the federal government and defines the extent of the federal court’s power. The federalRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1007 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States of America has previously experienced failure every now and then. With trial and error, the country has learned to correct its ways and move toward(s) perfecting itself. Realizing the ineffectiveness of the Articles of Confederation is a prime example of the U.S. learning how to better itself. Subsequent to the Articles of Confederation, the Constitution of the United States was set as our new and improved framework of government. Possessing knowled ge on how America, although strongRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States951 Words   |  4 Pageshappening again. Unlike the artifacts, The Constitution of the United States has not been forgotten, it is actually still very alive today. Unlike most relics, The Constitution still holds a very heroic and patriotic implication, freedom. With freedom comes self-government, freedom of speech, religious tolerance, etc. With all these things comes the great responsibility to adapt and fit to the wants and needs of the decade. Even though the Constitution was made for the interests of the people ofRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1338 Words   |  6 Pages The Constitution is the basis of law in The United States and has been since it was written in 1789. Since then it has been amended 27 times with the first ten amendments collectively known as the Bill of Rights. The US Constitution was preceded by the Articles of Confederation and supported by the Federalist Papers which we will touch more on later. James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson all wrote or influenced The Constitution in a very important way. Alexander HamiltonRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States1388 Words   |  6 PagesInterpretation of the Constitution is one of the biggest conflicts within the United States–the highly contentious issue of states’ rights resulted from two different interpretations of what powers should belong to the federal government versus what powers belong to the individual states. No issue has ever caused as much turmoil as the issue of states’ rights–but one side must have more v alid arguments. Should the federal government’s power be superior, or should the authority of the individual states be held

Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About Argumentative Essay Topics about Technology and How It Can Affect You

Short Article Reveals the Undeniable Facts About Argumentative Essay Topics about Technology and How It Can Affect You Argumentative essay format is dependent on your professor's requirements, since there is not any typical pattern for each and every essay. Care ought to be taken that the data utilised in the essay is related to the topic. You may examine the extra info about how to compose an eye-catching essay introduction with a hook. The structure of your paper's outline is just like the structure of your whole essay. The upcoming few paragraphs will constitute most of your essay. The very first sentence of the essay has to be interesting enough to produce the reader read on. Then you ought to endeavour to choose an appropriate argumentative essay format. If you really need to get folks to find things your way, you want to convince them with evidence and facts. Look through the list of topics cautiously and get started making a mental collection of the evidence it's possible to use on topics you prefer. An excellent method to tell if your topics is an argument topic is to see whether you can debate your topic employing the info you find. Choose from popular topics that folks are passionate about. The next portion of your intro is devoted to offering some in depth background information on your topic. Essentially anything that must be understood before reading the remainder of the essay is background info, and ought to be included in the introduction. If you can't determine what the question is, return and reread the prompt. Knowing the question you're answering is the most crucial portion of AP writing. Argumentative Essay Topics about Technology at a Glance Each region of the essay exerts a specific function in its general structure. Any fantastic task finishes with an amazing conclusion and the very best examples of the argumentative essay will arrive in with a conclusion which has an overview of all of the points together with a gist of the evidences provided. After you get to the conclusion, you need to make a synthesis of the human body of your paper. In the end, the conclusion contains a restatement of the position and a succinct overview of the reasons and counte rs. Argumentative arguments are simply arguments that are written back on paper. An argumentative essays purpose is to convince your reader to back up your side of the argument. They use logic, facts, and reasoning to determine the victor. An argumentative essay is a kind of essay that presents arguments about each side of a problem. The Ultimate Argumentative Essay Topics about Technology Trick Before concluding the essay, it is vital to summarise with a strong emphasis on the subject. The absolute most essential part of your paper is the introduction. The matter here is that it takes so many parts of paper to write just a single textbook. It's crucially important to completely engage yourself in the subject you will write. What You Don't Know About Argumentative Essay Topics about Technology An outline is a good tool to remember what you're planning to write about and to steer clear of a fear of getting started. Without an excellent evidence, nobody is likely to believe my words. Second, talk what you shouldn't do instead of what has to be carried out. All you have to have is a small curiosity besides that everything will end up an intriguing game of knowledge. Even though both work to the improvement of a business, the broad disparity has the capacity to induce a great deal of grudge and bad vibes. The first thing you're likely to have to do is to choose a topic that has more than one clear side. If you become lost on your way, refer back to our guide, and we'll be pleased to assist you with anything that you demand. Writing an argumentative essay is a skill that anyone in school should know, although it can be useful outside the classroom, also. Therefore, for your coursework, you will want to have the very best ideas. For this reason, you can stay sure that you'll find the best possible grade! The Start of Argumentative Essay Topics about Technology You're going to need to choose a topic first, but your topic needs to be something that has two conflicting points or various conclusions. An argumentative essay example will reveal the should possess some critical components which make it better in the practice of convincing. If you would like to learn what an argumentative essay is, the very first thing you need to remember is that its primary aim is to convince the audience to accept your standpoint. In order to really convince readers of your perspective, the argumentative essay must also check at the opposing views.

Launch of a New Energy Drink Free Essays

1.Possible outcomes of the launch Launching a new energy shot product presents a moral dilemma. Most energy shots are aimed at teenagers and young adults, and this target audience is known to put more trust into the ‘street cred’ of the product, rather than medical and government advise, so there is an opportunity for carving some share of the market, especially if we deliberately exploit the ‘rebel’ aspect of our product. We will write a custom essay sample on Launch of a New Energy Drink or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, given the ongoing media hype, there is also a chance of attracting negative publicity and becoming a scapegoat for the regulators. Eventually, this can result in long-term reputational damage and substantial (and unpredictable) litigation costs. We could, however, turn the situation to our advantage by launching a drink that will be based on a different stimulator than the notorious mix of caffeine and guarana – as long as it is technologically viable. Such drink would comply with the Food Safety Authority’s caffeine concentration standards and could be classified as a formulated caffeine beverage. We could then market it as a healthier alternative to the popular energy shots, so that it appeals both to the target audience and the general public. 2.Legal aspects The Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code (FSC) mandates that a formulated caffeine beverage must contain 145 to 320 milligrams of caffeine per litre1 (Commonwealth of Australia, 2009). Popular energy shots do not comply with this requirement: for instance, a 2-ounce Demon Energy Shot contains 200 mg of caffeine, i.e. 3333 milligrams of caffeine per litre (Energy Fiend, 2009). The trick here is that the producers label their drinks as dietary supplements which are exempt from the FSC requirements. However, it is not entirely unlikely that a legal clampdown on energy shots will follow: in Australia, the government of New South Wales aims to ban non-compliant energy drinks (AAP, 2009); back in New Zealand, retailers are pressed to restrict the sale of energy shots (Voxy News Engine, 2009). Moreover, according to an industry insider, the Food Standards Authority is currently working on a new standard for food-type substances sold as dietary supplements that is likely to tackle energy shots (Science Media Centre, 2009). It is thus important to think one step ahead and concentrate on developing an compliant energy shot. 3.Public Opinion In order to gauge the public opinion of the energy shots, I consider the opinions of medical professionals, food industry regulators and people from the street. A recent press release by the Science Media Centre provides the professional medics’ opinion on the impact of energy shots (Science Media Centre, 2009). The professional opinions vary from neutral to cautious to strongly negative. Dr David Jardine, Clinical Director of the Canterbury District Health Board, observes that he knows â€Å"of no bad effects [of caffeine] in children and pregnant women† and confirms that â€Å"humans seem to be able to deal with caffeine very well† (ibid). Dr Elaine Rush, Professor at Auckland University of Technology, is â€Å"very concerned about the sale of caffeine in large doses† and claims that â€Å"there are more problems than benefits associated with consuming caffeine† (ibid). However, she doesn’t launch any invectives at energy shots. Dr Jim McVeagh, a GP, â€Å"had to deal with a number of cases of teenagers having psychotic episodes following multiple cans of energy drinks† and claims that energy shots are â€Å"not a benign pick-me-up [but] a stimulant drug, pure and simple† (ibid). However, it is not clear if the ‘psychotic episodes’ of some teenagers that ‘followed multiple cans of energy drinks’ should be entirely attributed to caffeine. NZFSA Authority Director Geoff Allen admits that â€Å"new regulation to restrict sale or supply of these high caffeine energy drinks is not necessarily the whole or the best answer†. He also stresses that the energy shots that have been inspected by his office â€Å"have a caffeine advisory statement of some form, even though they’re not required to† (ibid). To summarize, most medics agree that there is no clear evidence of harmful effect of caffeine onto healthy individuals. The regulator agrees that maximum recommended usage information should be provided by the producers of dietary supplements, but this requirement is already met by energy shot producers. To gauge the sentiment of the target audience of the drinks (males aged 14-25), I questioned five anonymous respondents in the streets of Auckland on 29 – 31 October 2009. The general sentiment is that of indifference. One of the respondents, who turned out to be a bartender in a night club, expressively claimed that he â€Å"doesn’t give a f**k† about the impact of caffeine as long as energy shots help him meet his professional and personal commitments. 4.Personal reflection In my personal opinion, there is nothing unethical about launching a new energy shot. The producers make it clear that energy shots are not designed for regular and frequent consumption: they aim to give a boost of energy when it is essential (e.g. when you are late with submitting a course essay), maybe at a cost of a period poor well-being after the effect of the shot wears off. The producers also make it clear that persons with poor caffeine metabolism or other health issues should consult a doctor before consuming a drink. Nippert Gray (2009) make the case of a woman who suffered a heart attack as a consequence of regular consumption of 10 to 14 cans of Red Bull a day to shoot invectives at energy drinks. However, this case hardly supports their cause: even regular consumption of 10 to 14 blocks of chocolate can eventually send one to the intensive therapy ward. I am totally convinced that it is not the substance that should be controlled, but rather the urge to abuse it. As for the children, it is their parent’s responsibility to control that they do not take in unhealthy doses of potentially harmful substances, be it aspirin, alcohol, or energy shots. How to cite Launch of a New Energy Drink, Essay examples

The Importance of Water to Life on Earth Essay Example For Students

The Importance of Water to Life on Earth Essay Water is the most important substance in our evolution and our daily lives. Without water,life as we know it would not have been possible. This essay will examine the water moleculein order to ascertain how it brought about Earth’s thriving ecosystem and how important itis to us today. Each water molecule consists of one oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms. The oxygen atom (orthe apex of the water molecule) bears a slight electronegative charge while hydrogenpossesses a more positive one1 (figure a). Because opposite charges attract, the watermolecules are drawn together. When an oxygen atom is linked to a neighboring molecule’shydrogen atom, a bond called a hydrogen bond is formed2. In an ice crystal the hydrogenbonds govern the shape of the crystal so that the grid of molecules surrounds relativelylarge spaces (imagine figure b in three dimensions). In a liquid form, water has no suchspaces; thus ice is less dense and will float on liquid water. If not for this, great bodiesof water would freeze from the bottom up without the insulation of a top layer of ice andall life in the water would die. We will write a custom essay on The Importance of Water to Life on Earth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The water molecule is a very small one but because of its unique properties it behaves likea larger one. The bonds between water molecules are so strong that water resists changes inits state (Solid, liquid, gas); thus water has a higher melting point and a higher boilingpoint than another molecule of similar size. If water followed the example of othermolecules its size it would have a boiling point of -75oC and a freezing point of -125oC4. This would mean that, on Earth, water would be a gas all of the time and life would not bepossible. When heat is applied to solid water, some hydrogen bonds get so much kinetic energy thatthey break and the ice melts. Liquid water does not necessarily have all four hydrogen bondspresent at all times but it must retain some of them5. For any object to penetrate water, itmust be able to break the hydrogen bonds on the surface of the water. These bonds resistbreaking thus forming a â€Å"skin† that allows small insects to walk on the surface of thewater. Without the cohesiveness of water, those insects would not have survived. All plant life on Earth benefits from the ability of water to make a hydrogen bond withanother substance of similar electronegative charge. Cellulose, the substance that makes upcell walls and paper products, is a hydrophilic substance (†water-loving†)6. It interactswith water but, unlike other hydrophilic substances, it will not dissolve in it. Cellulosecan form strong hydrogen bonds with water molecules7. This explains why a paper towel willâ€Å"wick† water upwards when it comes in contact with it. Each water molecule will make ahydrogen bond with cellulose and pull another water molecule up from down below and so on. Without this feature (capillary action8), plants would find it more difficult to transportwater up their stems to the leaves in order to make food through photosynthesis. Water has a very high heat capacity. Most of the heat introduced to water is used not to setwater molecules in motion (giving them kinetic energy and causing their temperature torise), but to move hydrogen atoms around between neighboring oxygen atoms9. If all of thisheat was used solely to warm the water, living cells would boil in their own heat. Everyaction in a living cell releases some heat. If the heat was not dissipated by the water, allliving things would cook themselves. .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 , .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .postImageUrl , .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 , .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426:hover , .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426:visited , .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426:active { border:0!important; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426:active , .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426 .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uad67149fabc93682fbd21e406a10c426:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Rebecca Essay Compare Jack FavellIn order for water to evaporate from the surface of liquid water, a certain amount ofenergy must be expended to break its hydrogen bonds. Because these hydrogen bonds are sostrong, water requires a lot of heat to boil (100oC). When water vaporizes, it takes alongall of the heat energy required to break its bonds thus having a powerful cooling effect onthe original body of water 10. It takes very little water loss to cool water substantially. If humans had no way of perspiring, their body temperatures would rise about 70oC in onesingle day11. Water is very important because it is as close as we can get to a â€Å"universal solvent.† Whena crystal of salt is dropped into a glass of water, the water begins to surround the sodiumand chloride atoms in the salt in what is called a hydration sphere12. The atoms interactwith the water molecule and leave the surface of the salt crystal, until the entire crystalis dissolved. This has two effects: the salt is dissolved and the water molecules aredisturbed. When the water molecules are altered in this fashion they can no longer take partin the formation of ice crystals13. This is why oceans, which contain a lot of salt, resistfreezing. In conclusion, it is apparent that water is the most important substance ever to have beencreated because it is so vital to our race. Its unique properties aid all living things tosurvive in the scheme of nature on our planet Earth.1.Kirk, David L. Biology Today: ThirdEdition p. 225 2.Ibid p. 256 3.Ibid p. 256 4.Ibid p. 257-258 5.Ibid p. 256 6.Ibid p. 2597.Ibid p. 259 8.Ibid p. 259 9.Ibid p. 257 10.Ibid p. 257 11.Ibid p. 257 12.Ibid p. 25913.Ibid p. 259 Bibliography:1)Kirk, David L. Biology Today: Third Edition, Random House Publishers, 1980Biology Today is a comprehensive source of information that contains facts, statistics andopinions from over 200 different sources as well as many different Universities andarchives.

Table of Densities of Common Substances

Table of Densities of Common Substances Heres a table of densities of common substances, including several gases, liquids, and solids. Density is a measure of the amount of mass contained in a unit of volume. The general trend is that most gases are less dense than liquids, which are in turn less dense than solids, but there are numerous exceptions. For this reason, the table lists density from lowest to highest and includes the state of matter. Note that the density of pure water is defined to be 1 gram per cubic centimeter (or, g/ml). Unlike most substances, water is denser as a liquid than as a solid. A consequence is that ice floats on water. Also, pure water is less dense than seawater, so fresh water can float on top of salt water, mixing at the interface. The Factors That Affect Density Density depends on temperature and pressure. For solids, its also affected by the way atoms and molecules stack together. A pure substance can take many forms, which dont have the same properties. For example, carbon can take the form of graphite or diamond. Both are chemically identical, but they do not share an identical density value. To convert these density values into kilograms per cubic meter, multiply any of the numbers by 1000. Densities of Common Substances Material Density (g/cm3) State of Matter hydrogen (at STP) 0.00009 gas helium (at STP) 0.000178 gas carbon monoxide (at STP) 0.00125 gas nitrogen (at STP) 0.001251 gas air (at STP) 0.001293 gas carbon dioxide (at STP) 0.001977 gas lithium 0.534 solid ethanol (grain alcohol) 0.810 liquid benzene 0.900 liquid ice 0.920 solid water at 20Â °C 0.998 liquid water at 4Â °C 1.000 liquid seawater 1.03 liquid milk 1.03 liquid coal 1.1-1.4 solid blood 1.600 liquid magnesium 1.7 solid granite 2.6-2.7 solid aluminum 2.7 solid steel 7.8 solid iron 7.8 solid copper 8.3-9.0 solid lead 11.3 solid mercury 13.6 liquid uranium 18.7 solid gold 19.3 solid platinum 21.4 solid osmium 22.6 solid iridium 22.6 solid white dwarf star 107 solid

Definition and Examples of Prescriptivism

Definition and Examples of Prescriptivism Prescriptivism is the attitude or belief that one variety of a language is superior to others and should be promoted as such. Also known as  linguistic prescriptivism and purism.  An ardent promoter of prescriptivism is called a prescriptivist or, informally, a  stickler. A key aspect of traditional grammar, prescriptivism is generally  characterized by a concern for good, proper, or correct usage. Contrast with descriptivism. In a paper published in Historical Linguistics 1995, Sharon Millar defined prescriptivism as the conscious attempt by language users to control or regulate the language use of others for the purpose of enforcing perceived norms or of promoting innovations (Language Prescription: Success in Failures Clothing).Common examples of prescriptive texts include many (though  not all)  style and usage guides, dictionaries, writing handbooks, and the like.   Observations [Prescriptivism is the] policy of describing languages as we would like them to be, rather than as we find them. Typical examples of prescriptivist attitudes are the condemnation of preposition stranding and of the split infinitive and a demand for Its I in place of the normal Its me.  (R.L. Trask, Dictionary of English Grammar. Penguin, 2000)A prescriptive grammar is essentially a manual that focuses on constructions where usage is divided and lays down rules governing the socially correct use of language. These grammars were a formative influence on language attitudes in Europe and America during the 18th and 19th centuries. Their influence lives on in the handbooks of usage widely found today, such as A Dictionary of Modern English Usage (1926) by Henry Watson Fowler (1858-1933), though such books include recommendations about the use of pronunciation, spelling, and vocabulary as well as grammar.  (David Crystal, How Language Works. Overlook Press, 2005)I think sensible prescr iptivism  ought to be part of any education.(Noam Chomsky, Language, Politics, and Composition, 1991.  Chomsky on Democracy and Education, ed. by  Carlos Peregrà ­n Otero. RoutledgeFalmer, 2003) Verbal Hygiene [T]he overt anti-prescriptive stance of linguists is in some respects not unlike the prescriptivism they criticize. The point is that both prescriptivism and anti-prescriptivism invoke certain norms and circulate particular notions about how language ought to work. Of course, the norms are different (and in the case of linguistics they are often covert). But both sets feed into the  more general arguments that influence everyday ideas about language. On that level, description and prescription turn out to be aspects of a single (and normative) activity: a struggle to control language by defining its nature.  My use of the term verbal hygiene is intended to capture this idea, whereas to use the term prescriptivism would just recycle the opposition I am trying to deconstruct.  (Deborah Cameron, Verbal Hygiene. Routledge, 1995) Language Wars The history of prescriptions about Englishof grammar texts, manuals of style and O tempora o mores-type laments- is in part a history of bogus rules, superstitions, half-baked logic, groaningly unhelpful lists, baffling abstract statements, false classifications, contemptuous insiderism, and educational malfeasance. But it is also a history of attempts to make sense of the world and its bazaar of competing ideas and interests. Instinctively, we find the arbitrariness of existence hard to accept. Our desire to impose order on the world, which means inventing the forms of language rather than discovering them, is a creative act. Furthermore, the quarrel between descriptivists and prescriptivists ... is a sort of mad confederacy: each party thrives on lambasting the other.   Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(Henry Hitchings, The Language Wars. John Murray, 2011) The Problem WIth Prescriptivists [G]eneral ignorance of grammar allows prescriptivists to impose nonsensical mandates and allows test-makers and test-takers to focus primarily on superficial error in language use.​(Martha Kolln and Craig Hancock, The Story of English Grammar in United States Schools. English Teaching: Practice and Critique, December 2005) Pronunciation: pree-SKRIP-ti-viz-em